Description

These soft herbs occur as weeds in damp areas and are sparsely covered with rigid, stinging hairs.

The flowers are small and greenish in colour. The leaves are opposite to each other on the stem and have serrated margins.

The two species are very similar but the leaves of the perennial stinging nettle (Urtica incisa) are tapered into a point, whereas the annual small stinging nettle (Urtica urens) has a more rounded tip.

Toxicity

  • Irritant to skin or eyes

Symptoms

Contact with the stinging hairs can result in local reddening and itching, swelling and an intense burning sensation. These symptoms are usually of short duration but may last up to 36 hours in sensitive individuals.

Images

Close-up of a vibrant green serrated stinging nettle leaf in a lush forest setting
Photo by Mary Louden

Details

Common name: Stinging nettles

Botanical nameUrtica urens, Urtica incisa

Family: Urticaceae

General description: These soft herbs occur as weeds in damp areas and are sparsely covered with rigid, stinging hairs.

Flowers: The flowers are small and greenish in colour.

Leaves: The leaves are opposite to each other on the stem and have serrated margins. The two species are very similar but the leaves of the perennial stinging nettle (Urtica incisa) are tapered into a point, whereas the annual small stinging nettle (Urtica urens) has a more rounded tip.

Fruit/Berries: The fruit are minute, seed-like and enclosed in the flower parts.

Other: The sap is clear, stinging hairs are present.

Last updated: November 2024